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1.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. (B.Aires) ; 38(88): 57-64, 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1552263

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Comparar estrategias de autorregulación del aprendizaje en contextos virtuales de estudiantes de la carrera de odontología. Métodos: Participantes: estudiantes de 5 asignaturas de la carrera de odon-tología (N=1514). Instrumento: escala de auto-re-porte validada con 25 reactivos agrupados en 5 dimensiones: D1) Estrategias de planeación y control; D2) Atribuciones motivacionales; D3) Trabajo colabo-rativo con compañeros; D4) Apoyo del asesor en las tareas. La muestra se agrupó en 3: (G3) cursantes del último año de la carrera; (G2) de asignaturas in-termedias; (G1) de primer año. Se utilizaron: ANOVA de medidas repetidas y test de Tukey como post-hoc; tests de X2 y comparación de proporciones con post-hoc de Bonferroni. Resultados: Puntajes por grupo (media±DS-%): D1) G3=39,2±5,6-78,5%; G2=38,8±6,1-77,6%; G1=36,7±5,7-73,1%. D2) G3=14,4±5,2-57,4%; G2=15,5±5,1-61,9%; G1=14,8±5,6-59,3%. D3) G3=22,8±3,1-91,2%; G2=21,2±4,3-84,7%; G1=18,9±6,5­76,3%. D4) G3=15,5±4,5­61,9%; G2=15,8±4,6-63,1%; G1=16,4±4,0-65,8%. Diferencias significativas: entre G1 y G3 en D1 (p=0,014) y entre los tres grupos en D3 (p<0,001). G1 y G3 se diferenciaron (p<0,05) en cin-co de los 10 reactivos de D1 y en todos los reactivos de D3. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de primer año reportaron menos estrategias de planeación y con-trol. El trabajo colaborativo mostró un incremento a lo largo de la carrera (AU)


Objective: To compare self-regulated learning strat-egies in virtual contexts (VC) among dental students. Methods: Participants: Undergraduate dental students attending five subjects. (N=1514). We used a validat-ed self-report scale with 25 items grouped into five dimensions: D1) planning and control strategies, D2) motivational attributes, D3) collaborative work with colleagues, and D4) support from the advisor Statistical analysis: The relative percentage of the max-imum score was calculated. Students were grouped into 3: those in the last year of their degree (G3), an intermediate group (G2), and freshmen (G1). We used repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test to compare the relative weights of the dimensions; X2 test, proportion comparisons, and Bonferroni post-hoc test were used for comparisons. Results: Scores by group (mean±SD-%): D1) G3=39.2±5.6-78.5%; G2=38.8±6.1-77.6%; G1=36.7±5.7-73.1%. D2) G3=14.4±5.2-57.4%; G2=15.5±5.1-61.9%; G1=14.8±5.6-59.3%. D3) G3=22.8±3.1-91.2%; G2=21.2±4.3-84.7%; G1=18.9±6.5­76.3%. D4) G3=15.5±4.5­61.9%; G2=15.8±4.6-63.1%; G1=16.4±4.0­65.8%. Significant differences were observed between G1 and G3 on D1 (p=0.014), and between the three groups on D3 (p<0.001). G1 and G3 differed (p<0.05) in five of the 10 D1 items and in all D3 items. Conclusions: Freshmen reported the lowest number of planning and control strategies. Collaborative work increased throughout the career (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Students, Dental/psychology , Education, Distance/methods , Education, Dental/methods , Virtual Reality , Argentina , Schools, Dental , Surveys and Questionnaires , Analysis of Variance , Data Interpretation, Statistical
2.
Odovtos (En línea) ; 24(3)dic. 2022.
Article in English | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1406156

ABSTRACT

Abstract A new cohort, known as ''Generation Z'', is nowadays studying Health Careers. These students were born between 1996 and 2012, and currently at year 2022, have between 18 and 26 years. It is necessary to comprehend their characteristics and behaviors, for a better understanding of how they learn, what do they expect from education and how to improve their academic development and potential. Generation Z is considered as the most diverse, and it requires a closer mentorship from teachers, who must be ready to help students to manage their time and resources efficiently. It is worth mentioning that Gen Z information about their professional performance is still preliminary, because they are currently studying their University programs. Thus, it will be interesting to further analyze the behavior of Generation Z in Dental Education.


Abstract Una nueva cohorte generacional, conocida como ''Generación Z'', se encuentra estudiando las Licenciaturas en el área de la Salud. Estos estudiantes nacieron entre los años de 1996 y 2012, y actualmente al año 2022, tienen entre 18 y 26 años. Es necesario comprender sus características y sus conductas, para tener un mejor entendimiento de cómo aprenden, qué esperan de la educación, y cómo se podría mejorar su desarrollo académico y su potencial. La Generación Z es conocida como la más diversa, y requiere de una mentoría cercana por parte de los profesores, quienes deben estar listos para ayudar a los estudiantes a manejar el tiempo y los recursos eficientemente. Es importante mencionar que la información referente al desempeño profesional de la Generación Z es aún preliminar, dado que actualmente están cursando sus programas universitarios. Por tanto, será interesante seguir analizando el comportamiento de la Generación Z en la Educación Odontológica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Intergenerational Relations , Education, Dental/methods , Intergeneration Interval
3.
Rev. Asoc. Odontol. Argent ; 110(3): 1101201, sept.-dic. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1419164

ABSTRACT

Las evaluaciones radiográficas de tratamientos endodón- ticos realizadas por graduados muestran un alto porcentaje de procedimientos incorrectos. Esta circunstancia lleva a la rea- lización de un elevado número de retratamientos ortógrados y retrógrados, con los inconvenientes y desventajas que conlle- va recurrir a una reintervención endodóntica. Es responsabili- dad de los profesionales, docentes y autoridades universitarias y gubernamentales revertir esta situación que afecta a la salud bucal de la sociedad. En el presente editorial se proponen di- ferentes alternativas para intentar modificar este preocupante panorama (AU)


Radiographic evaluations of endodontic treatments per- formed by graduates show a high percentage of incorrect procedures. This circumstance leads to the performance of a high number of orthograde and retrograde retreatments, with the inconveniences and disadvantages that entails resorting to an endodontic reintervention. It is the responsibility of pro- fessionals, teachers, university and government authorities to reverse this situation that affects the oral health of society. In this editorial, different alternatives are proposed to try to modify this worrying outlook (AU)


Subject(s)
Root Canal Therapy/methods , Tooth, Nonvital/diagnostic imaging , Retreatment/adverse effects , Medical Errors/statistics & numerical data , Dental Restoration Failure/statistics & numerical data , Education, Dental/methods , Educational Measurement , Endodontics/education
4.
J. oral res. (Impresa) ; 11(1): 1-11, may. 11, 2022. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1399818

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Journal clubs are a strategy that allows students to be exposed to critical appraisal of articles from the early stages of their training. Its long term impact on the formation of competencies is debated. Objetive: To evaluate if the sessions of a Journal Club increase the confidence that Dentistry students have in their abilities to critically appraise a clinical trial. Material and Methods: A prospective cohort study that involved 21 students from the Faculty of Dentistry of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Lima, Peru) who participated in six Journal Club monthly sessions. The sessions involved the analysis and discussion of clinical trials. Confidence to critically appraise an article before and after was assessed using a self-administered scale. Final and baseline scores were analyzed using a Wilcoxon test. Results: Nineteen students finished all the sessions. Scores before the sessions were on average 2.09±1.17, while after the sixth session an average of 3.53±0.26 was obtained (p<0.05). Both males and females had improved scores after the sessions; however, there were no differences between them (p=0.08). The third- and fourth-year students presented significant changes in their scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: The constant participation in the sessions of a Journal Club improved the confidence that students have when critically evaluating a clinical trial article.


Introducción: Los clubes de revistas son una estrategia que permiten exponer a los estudiantes a la valoración crítica de artículos desde etapas tempranas de su formación. Su impacto a largo plazo en la formación de competencias es discutido. Objetivo: Evaluar si las sesiones de un Club de Revistas permiten aumentar la confianza que tienen los estudiantes de Odontología en las habilidades para valorar críticamente un ensayo clínico. Material y Métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo que involucró 21 estudiantes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (Lima. Perú) que participaron de seis sesiones mensuales de un Club de Revistas. Las sesiones implicaron el análisis y discusión de ensayos clínicos. Se evaluó la confianza para valorar críticamente un artículo antes y después a través de una escala autoadministrada. Las puntuaciones finales y basales se analizaron a través de una prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados: 19 estudiantes finalizaron la totalidad de las sesiones. Las puntuaciones antes de las sesiones eviden-ciaron una media de 2,09 ± 1,17, mientras que después de la sexta sesión se obtuvo una media de 3,53 ± 0,26 (p<0,05). Tanto varones como mujeres evidenciaron mejorar su puntuación media luego de las sesiones; sin embargo, no evidenciaron diferencias entre ellos (p=0,08). Los estudiantes de tercer y cuarto año presentaron cambios significativos de sus puntuaciones (p<0,05). Conclusión: La participación constante a las sesiones de un Club de Revistas permitió mejorar la confianza que tienen los estudiantes al momento de valorar críticamente un artículo del tipo ensayo clínico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Periodicals as Topic , Students, Dental , Evidence-Based Medicine , Education, Dental/methods , Peru , Prospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Trust
5.
J. health med. sci. (Print) ; 8(1): 37-43, ene.-mar. 2022. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1395701

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la coherencia entre lo declarado por los programas de estudios de pregrado en la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad de Viña del Mar, en relación a los valores éticos y morales y, cómo son reconocidos efectivamente por los docentes en los estudiantes. El diseño de investigación corresponde a un estudio descriptivo y transversal. Para esto se adaptaron dos instrumentos, el primero: "cuestionario sobre percepción en la categorización de valores" que busca determinar la importancia que le dan los docentes a los valores. Mientras que en el segundo: "Encuesta sobre valores en estudiantes de odontología" solicita que cada docente evalúe la frecuencia con que se manifiestan ciertos valores éticos y morales en sus estudiantes. Se consideraron los 28 académicos que constituyen la totalidad del universo de docentes clínicos de los cursos de 4to y 5to años de la carrera de odontología en el año 2019. Se discuten los resultados comparándolos con experiencias similares en otras instituciones. Los resultados muestran la percepción y el reconocimiento de los valores por parte del cuerpo docente en los estudiantes, donde se identificó que los valores incorporados de mejor manera son la dignidad, el trato humano y el dialogo; mientras que la autocrítica y el conocimiento fueron los menos incorporados, estos son clave para establecer reflexión y mejoras en los planes de estudio. Se marca el punto de inicio para la generación de futuras líneas de investigación que incorporen otros aspectos como la perspectiva de los pacientes, los estudiantes, así como también continuar recabando información para utilizar metodologías que puedan contribuir a la integración de valores y poner en debate la importancia de ellos en la formación de pregrado.


The aim of this article is to determine the coherence between what is declared by the undergraduate study programs in the Dentistry career at the University of Viña del Mar, in relation to ethical and moral values and how they are effectively recognized by teachers in the students. The research design corresponds to a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Two instruments were adapted for this, the first: "questionnaire on perception in the categorization of values" that seeks to determine the importance that teachers give to values. While in the second: "Survey on values in dentistry students" requests that each teacher evaluates the frequency of certain ethical and moral values which are manifested in their students. 28 academics constituting the entire universe of clinical teachers of the 4th and 5th year courses of dentistry career in 2019 were considered. The results were discussed, comparing them with similar experiences in other institutions. Results show the perception and recognition of the values by the teaching staff in the students. These values incorporated in the best way were dignity, humane treatment and dialogue; while self-criticism and knowledge were the least incorporated. These are key values to establish a reflection and subsequent improvements in the study plans. This article marks a starting point for the generation of future lines of research that incorporate other aspects such as the perspective of patients, students, as well as continuing to collect information to use methodologies that can contribute to the integration of values and put them into a debate about the importance of them in undergraduate training.


Subject(s)
Humans , Education, Dental/ethics , Ethics, Dental/education , Teaching/trends , Surveys and Questionnaires , Curriculum/standards , Curriculum/trends , Education, Dental/methods
6.
Acta sci., Health sci ; 44: e54907, Jan. 14, 2022.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1367787

ABSTRACT

The teaching-service-community integration is an important strategy for achieving changes in the training of human resources in health, in order to train professionals with a profile to work in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, as per its Portuguese acronym). This study analyzed how it occurs and what are the contributions of the teaching-service-community integration in the view of professors from the first to the seventh period of Medicine, Nursing and Dentistry programs at a university in northeastern Brazil. This is an exploratory and descriptive study, with a quantitative approach. Data were collected using an interview form and analyzed with the help of SPSS software. The descriptive analysis of the data, the chi-square test and the calculation of the internal consistency of the evaluation scale were used. The study had the participation of 106 professors. Results show that practices were still predominantly performed in university clinics and hospitals, 76 (71.7%). Most professors, 59 (56.7%), consider the teaching-service-community interaction very important for the quality of training and recognize its importance in strengthening SUS, 89 (85.6%). Although there was resistance on the part of some professors to follow-up students in extramural services, most of them, 94 (89.5%), consider the role of professors as essential for changing health practices, especially professors in nursing and dentistry professors that carry out extramural practices (p < 0.01). Interdisciplinary practices were performed more frequently in the first two periods of the three courses and by the nursing course (p = 0.001). In turn, multiprofessional interaction predominates in the practical classes of the nursing course and practices held outside the university domain (p < 0.01). It is evident the need to institutionalize the teaching-service-community interaction, as well as to value initiatives that streamline and make teaching more flexible in multiprofessional and interdisciplinary activities, fundamental for the amendment of training in health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Teaching Care Integration Services , Education, Dental/methods , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods , Education, Nursing/methods , Professional Training , Patient Care Team , Teaching , Unified Health System , Hospitals, University
7.
Gac. méd. espirit ; 23(3): [11], dic. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1404885

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Fundamento: El desarrollo de la interdisciplinariedad entre la unidad curricular Farmacología y las asignaturas clínicas de la Disciplina Principal Integradora en la carrera Estomatología, resulta indispensable para la formación integral del futuro egresado. Objetivo: Identificar los problemas que limitan el desarrollo de la interdisciplinariedad entre la Farmacología y las asignaturas clínicas de la Disciplina Principal Integradora en la carrera Estomatología. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal entre noviembre y diciembre de 2020 en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba. Se consideraron como unidades de análisis: actividades docentes y directivos académicos, se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria en ambos casos (n=18 y n=8, respectivamente). Se estudiaron las variables: relaciones interdisciplinarias con la Farmacología (se observa, no se observa y se observa poco), categoría docente, categoría científica, grado académico/científico, grado de especialización y opinión de directivos académicos (siempre, a veces y nunca). Como instrumento de medición se empleó guía de observación y de entrevista, respectivamente. Se empleó el porcentaje como medida de resumen. Resultados: En más del 50 % de las actividades docentes de las asignaturas clínicas de la Disciplina Principal Integradora, no se observa las relaciones interdisciplinarias con la Farmacología. En las entrevistas realizadas a los directivos académicos, predominó la opinión: nunca. Conclusiones: Las insuficiencias didácticas, metodológicas, académicas e investigativas identificadas, limitan el desarrollo de la interdisciplinariedad entre la unidad curricular Farmacología y las asignaturas clínicas de la Disciplina Principal Integradora en la carrera Estomatología.


ABSTRACT Background: The development of interdisciplinarity between the curricular Pharmacology unit and the clinical subjects of the Main discipline in the Stomatology career is essential for the integral formation of the future graduate. Objective: To identify the problems that limit the development of interdisciplinarity between Pharmacology and the clinical subjects of the Main Comprehensive Discipline in the Stomatology career. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was conducted between November and December 2020 in the Stomatology Faculty at the Santiago de Cuba University of Medical Sciences. The following were considered as analysis units: teaching activities and academic directors, a random sample was selected in both cases (n=18 and n=8, respectively). The following variables were studied: interdisciplinary relations with Pharmacology (observed, not observed and little observed), teaching category, scientific category, academic/scientific degree, specialization degree and the academic directors´ opinion (always, sometimes and never). Observation and interview guides were used respectively as measurement instruments. Percentage was used as a summary measure. Results: In more than 50 % of the teaching activities of the clinical subjects of the Main Comprehensive Discipline, interdisciplinary relations with Pharmacology are not observed. In the interviews conducted with academic managers, the prevailed opinion was never. Conclusions: The didactic, methodological, academic and research inadequacies identified, limit the development of interdisciplinarity between the curricular unit Pharmacology and the clinical subjects of the Main Comprehensive Discipline in the Stomatology career.


Subject(s)
Pharmacology/education , Universities , Clinical Clerkship/methods , Education, Dental/methods , Education, Medical , Faculty, Dental/education , Interdisciplinary Placement/methods
9.
Odovtos (En línea) ; 23(2)ago. 2021.
Article in English | LILACS, SaludCR | ID: biblio-1386531

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Virtual reality (VR) allows its application in different fields, such as healthcare. In dentistry, this technology has enormous potential, in the educational and clinical scope. Its applications are of increasing interest and importance in dentistry, especially in teaching, as it offers interactivity and high effectiveness in learning. In the treatment of phobia to dental treatments, this technology is also promising, since it shows satisfactory results and in the surgical area it has a high potential for complex treatments, allowing predictable and safe results. However, future studies should focus on establishing technological standards with high data quality and on the development of approved applications for the clinical routine. Thus, the objective of this literature review was to provide clarification on the knowledge and scientific development of VR in dentistry.


RESUMEN: La realidad virtual (RV) permite su aplicación en diferentes campos, como la asistencia sanitaria. En odontología, esta tecnología tiene un enorme potencial, en el ámbito educativo y clínico. Sus aplicaciones son de creciente interés e importancia en odontología, especialmente en la enseñanza, ya que ofrece interactividad y alta efectividad en el aprendizaje. En el tratamiento de la fobia a los tratamientos dentales, esta tecnología también es prometedora, ya que muestra resultados satisfactorios y en el área quirúrgica tiene un alto potencial para tratamientos complejos, permitiendo resultados predecibles y seguros. Sin embargo, los estudios futuros deberían centrarse en establecer estándares tecnológicos con alta calidad de datos y en el desarrollo de aplicaciones aprobadas para la rutina clínica. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión de la literatura fue proporcionar aclaraciones sobre el conocimiento y el desarrollo científico de la RV en odontología.


Subject(s)
Education, Dental/methods , Virtual Reality
10.
Rev. cuba. estomatol ; 58(2): e3876, 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1289403

ABSTRACT

Introducción : El desarrollo científico-tecnológico en el tratamiento de la caries dental hace necesario la sistematización del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y una didáctica apropiada que permita que los educandos adquieran conocimientos y habilidades para su ejercicio. Objetivo : Diseñar y validar un instrumento para la medición de la correspondencia del plan de estudios y de la estrategia didáctica con las capacidades cognitivo-prácticas necesarias para el tratamiento de mínima intervención de la caries dental en la carrera de Estomatología. Métodos : Estudio de desarrollo tecnológico en el que participaron 28 expertos seleccionados sobre la base de su trayectoria docente, científica y experiencia en el tema. Los mismos ofrecieron sus opiniones a través de cuestionarios autogestionados respecto a la claridad, coherencia, precisión, relevancia y presentación del instrumento mencionado. Se empleó la Razón de validez de contenido, por el método de Tristán y el índice de validación de contenido. Resultados : La totalidad de los ítems fueron válidos en los 4 criterios medidos, por lo que coincidieron los índices de validación de contenido global y aceptable. El instrumento mostró coherencia, precisión y relevancia la claridad con cifras de índice de validación de contenido de 0,90; 0,93; 0,92; y 0,94, respectivamente. Conclusiones : Se diseñó y validó un instrumento efectivo en contenido y presentación, por lo que está disponible para continuar con la siguiente etapa para su aprobación final(AU)


Introduction: Scientific and technological development in the treatment of dental caries requires systematization of the teaching-learning process and an appropriate methodology fostering the acquisition of knowledge and skills necessary for professional practice. Objective: Design and validate a tool to measure the correspondence of the curriculum and the didactic strategy to the cognitive-practical capacities required for the minimal intervention treatment of dental caries in undergraduate dental training. Methods: A technological development study was conducted with 28 experts selected for their teaching experience, their scientific background and their knowledge about the topic. The experts contributed their opinions through self-administered questionnaires about the clarity, coherence, accuracy, relevance and layout of the tool. Use was made of content validity ratio by the Tristan method and the content validation index. Results: All the items were found to be valid in terms of the four criteria measured, showing agreement between global and acceptable content validation indices. The tool exhibited coherence, accuracy, relevance and clarity, with content validation index values of 0.90, 0.93, 0.92 and 0.94, respectively. Conclusions: A tool was designed and validated which is effective for its content and presentation. It is therefore available for final validation(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Technological Development/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Dental Caries/therapy , Education, Dental/methods
11.
RFO UPF ; 26(1): 135-143, 20210327. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1435381

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: investigar, na literatura odontológica, estudos que abordem diferentes aspectos do ensino de temas LGBTQI+ (Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Transexuais, População Quer, Intersexo e outros) nos cursos de odontologia e quais são as abordagens pedagógicas sugeridas para reduzir preconceitos e discriminação no atendimento odontológico. Metodologia: uma busca foi conduzida nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e BVS/Bireme, até julho de 2017. Após a remoção de duplicatas, dois revisores independentes conduziram a seleção dos artigos. Resultados: a busca inicial resultou em 924 títulos. Após leitura completa, apenas oito completaram os critérios de inclusão. Os artigos incluídos nesta revisão demonstraram que alunos, lideranças estudantis e administradores reconhecem medidas de suporte, apoio e inclusão existentes. Algumas instituições apresentaram em seu currículo temas relacionados com a população LGBTQI+, porém, relacionadas frequentemente com doenças. Essa cobertura é apontada como fraca e insuficiente para o atendimento qualificado. Apenas dois estudos apresentaram métodos para o ensino de questões LGBTQI+; entretanto, apenas um avaliou qualitativamente seus resultados. Conclusão: existe uma grande carência de estudos que descrevam abordagens e métodos de ensino de temas LGBTQI+ na odontologia.(AU)


Objective: to investigate in the dental literature studies addressing different aspects of LGBTQI+ (Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Transsexuals, Queer Population, Intersex and others) education topics and the approaches used to reduce inequalities and prejudices in dental care. Methods: a search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and BVS/Bireme databases, until July 2017. After removing duplicates, two independent reviewers conducted the selection of articles. Results: the initial search resulted in 924 titles. After complete reading, eight studies completed the inclusion criteria. The articles included in this review demonstrated that students, student leaders and administrators recognize support and inclusion measures. Some institutions presented topics related to the LGBTQI+ population in their curriculum, but often related to diseases. This approach was identified as weak and insufficient for a qualified service. Only two studies presented methods for teaching LGBTQI+, but only one assess qualitative results. Conclusions: there is a lack of studies that approach the education of LGBTQI+ topics mainly related to teaching methodologies.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Care/psychology , Education, Dental/methods , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Sexism , Diversity, Equity, Inclusion
13.
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1250458

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Since the 1980s, the development of neoliberalism has been observed in Brazil, which has led to the progressive weakening of public policies (including those of education) and the population's impoverishment. In the field of education, there was an increase in the privatization of higher education, inadequate to the requirements of national development, characterizing it more as a commodity than as a right. This article aims to discuss some challenges, risks, and possible strategies to face the impact of the COVID19 pandemic in undergraduate dental education. This pandemic had an immediate and dramatic impact on dental education in more than 130 countries, prompting teachers and students to adopt remote teaching activities. In Brazil, theoretical classes were offered remotely, mainly in private institutions where there was an intensification of academic work for both teachers and students. This process requires support in technological and pedagogical aspects, including tools, resources, and training courses. In the resumption of clinical education, changes in biosafety actions are being proposed to preserve the health of the actors involved. The application of these measures will imply a great mobilization of students, teachers, and technicians and extra attention so that the constitutive dimensions of the teaching-learning process in health are not minimized or forgotten.


Subject(s)
Public Policy , Problem-Based Learning/methods , Education, Dental/methods , Education, Dental, Continuing/methods , COVID-19 , Brazil , Education, Distance/methods , Pandemics
14.
Acta odontol. latinoam ; 33(3): 187-194, Dec. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1278203

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT In this study, comprehensive clinics (CC) are interpreted as a pragmatic projection of the complexity of health. The aim of the study was to analyze the characteristics of the CCs at different schools of dentistry in Argentina. Data were collected from document analysis and interviews with key respondents at 8 universities, classified according to the criteria of Bray and Thomas. Interviews were developed and analyzed according to discourse analysis. The convergences and divergences among curricula were established and analyzed statistically. Triangulation of results showed that: (a) Most curricula (7/8) included subjects called CC; (b) the permanence of CCs in the curricula was not stable, with changes recorded in different periods; and (c) in the so-called CCs, the complex clinical approach showed frequent displacements based on teacher values or competence. It was concluded that there are divergences between theory and practice, and that it would be recommendable to have more rigorous curricular design taking into account current trends regarding the complexity of health and its transfer to educational management.


RESUMEN En el presente estudio, las clínicas integradas (CI) son interpretadas como una proyección pragmática de la complejidad de la salud. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar las características de las (CI) desarrolladas en las diferentes facultades de odontología públicas de la Republica Argentina. Los datos se recuperaron a partir del análisis documental y de entrevistas realizadas a informantes clave en 8 universidades, las cuales fueron ca-tegorizadas según criterios de Bray y Thomas. Las entrevistas se desarrollaron y analizaron según el análisis del discurso. Se establecieron las convergencias y divergencias existentes entre los currículos y se analizaron estadísticamente. La triangulación de los resultados reveló: (a) la mayoría de los currículos (7/8) incluían asignaturas denominadas CI; (b) la permanencia de las CI en los currículos no fue estable, registrándose cambios en diferentes períodos. (c) en las denominadas CI, el abordaje clínico complejo mostró frecuentes desplazamientos basados en los valores o competencia docente. Se concluyó que los resultados muestran divergencias entre la teoría y la práctica, resultando recomendable un mayor rigor en la formulación curricular atendiendo las tendencias vigentes acerca la complejidad de la salud y su transferencia a la gestión educativa.


Subject(s)
Humans , Schools, Dental , Curriculum , Education, Dental/methods , Argentina , Universities
15.
Rev. cuba. invest. bioméd ; 39(4): e695, oct.-dic. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED, LILACS | ID: biblio-1156448

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La odontología es una de las carreras de mayor exigencia en el eje músculo-esqueletal del cuello y tronco superior, por lo que las posturas inadecuadas aprendidas durante el periodo de pregrado pueden considerarse como factores de riesgo. Objetivo: Adaptar y validar el cuestionario MAPETO-br de Danielle Wajngarten para estudiantes de Odontología. Métodos: Se preparó en español una versión previa del cuestionario MAPETO-br a partir de dos traducciones independientes de la versión original en portugués. Con el documento se realizó un pretest a dos profesionales de la salud expertos en ergonomía. Luego se aplicó una prueba piloto a 112 estudiantes de cuarto y quinto año de Odontología. Se realizó la recolección de datos mediante fotografía de la postura de los alumnos durante la atención dental y a través de la encuesta. Se midió la consistencia interna y se efectuó el análisis factorial exploratorio a través de examen de componentes principales. Resultados: La versión final quedó compuesta por 12 de los 14 ítems del cuestionario MAPETO-br después de la validación de contenido y adaptación al medio cultural chileno. La consistencia interna para los 12 ítems tuvo un valor de alfa de Cronbach 0,796. Presenta, además, alta estabilidad en el tiempo. Conclusiones: Los resultados muestran medidas válidas y confiables para el Cuestionario MAPETO-cl para evaluación de postura, siendo un método rápido durante la realización de trabajo clínico sentado, ayudando a la identificación de presencia o ausencia de factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de trastornos músculo-esqueléticos(AU)


Introduction: Dentistry is one of the professions that demands most from the musculoskeletal axis of the neck and upper trunk. Therefore, the inadequate postures learned during undergraduate training may be viewed as risk factors. Objective: Adapt and validate Danielle Wajngarten's MAPETO-br questionnaire for dental students. Methods: A previous version of the MAPETO-br questionnaire was prepared in Spanish based on two separate translations of the original Portuguese version. The document was used to apply a pretest to two health professionals expert in ergonomics. A pilot test was then given to 112 fourth- and fifth-year dental students. Data were collected photographing the students' posture during dental care and via the survey. Internal consistency was measured and exploratory factor analysis was performed by principal component examination. Results: The final version was composed of 12 of the 14 items in the MAPETO-br questionnaire after validation of the content and adaptation to the Chilean cultural environment. Internal consistency for the 12 items had a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.796. It also exhibits high stability in time. Conclusions: Results show valid and reliable measurements in the MAPETO-cl Questionnaire for posture assessment, making it a fast method to be applied during work in sitting position, and helping identify the presence or absence of risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders(AU)


Subject(s)
Young Adult , Posture/physiology , Education, Dental/methods , Students, Dental , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards
16.
Rev. cuba. estomatol ; 57(3): e1827, jul.-set. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1126521

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: El análisis de la situación de salud es un tema indispensable en la formación de profesionales que tienen a cargo la salud de una comunidad y que requieren de una útil herramienta para la identificación de problemas de salud en el primer nivel de atención. Objetivo: Describir una metodología para facilitar la ejecución de la fase analítica de la situación de salud bucal en una comunidad. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, a través del buscador Google Académico y en las bases de datos bibliográficas PubMed, Lilacs, Cumed y SciELO Cuba. Se revisaron trabajos presentados en el Congreso Internacional de Estomatología 2015. Los descriptores empleados para la búsqueda fueron: estado de salud, salud bucal, salud poblacional, atención primaria de salud, educación en odontología, y sus homólogos en inglés. Luego de ser filtrados, de los resultados obtenidos, se seleccionaron, por su vinculación al tema y actualización, 49 publicaciones científicas. Discusión: El análisis de situación de salud sirve como instrumento científico metodológico para identificar, priorizar y solucionar problemas comunitarios. La fase analítica es la más compleja del estudio, y en la que surgen dificultades para procesarla ordenadamente, debe comenzar por la clasificación epidemiológica de la población estudiada y seguir un orden lógico en su realización. Conclusiones: S e presenta una metodología que facilita la identificación y priorización de los riesgos substanciales, durante la fase analítica de un análisis de salud bucal(AU)


ABSTRACT Introduction: Health status analysis is an indispensable topic in the training of professionals who will be in charge of health in a community and as such require a useful tool to identify health problems in primary care. Objective: Describe a methodology to facilitate oral health status analysis in a community. Methods: A bibliographic review was conducted in the search engine Google Scholar and the databases PubMed, Lilacs, Cumed and SciELO Cuba. The review also covered the papers presented at the International Dental Congress 2015. The search terms used were 'health status', 'oral health', 'population health', 'primary health care', 'dental education' and their counterparts in Spanish. After filtering the results obtained, 49 scientific publications were selected due to their relationship to the subject and their topicality. Discussion: Health status analysis serves as a scientific methodological tool to identify, prioritize and solve community problems. The analytical stage is the most complex in the study and the one in which difficulties arise related to its orderly processing. The starting point should be the epidemiological classification of the study population, and a logical order should be followed in its conduct. Conclusions: A methodology is presented which facilitates identification and prioritization of substantial risks during the analytical stage of an oral health status analysis(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care/methods , Health Evaluation/methods , Oral Health/trends , Education, Dental/methods , Review Literature as Topic , Databases, Bibliographic
17.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 19(4): e3118, tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1139182

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el empleo de software educativo es una alternativa motivadora en los diferentes escenarios docentes. Objetivo: mostrar la validación del software educativo sobre diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades pulpares y periapicales para su generalización en estudiantes de Estomatología. Material y Métodos: se realizó un estudio de innovación tecnológica o producto terminado digital en la etapa comprendida desde marzo de 2018 a marzo de 2019. Se utilizó la herramienta Mediator v9.0. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos: histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético y el sistémico-estructural; y empíricos: la revisión documental y una encuesta a estudiantes y expertos en función de evaluadores externos del producto. Para evaluar la factibilidad del software se utilizó el método de Criterio de Experto y el Criterio de usuario. Las principales variables evaluadas fueron el diseño de las secciones del software, su funcionalidad, cientificidad del contenido, relación de las imágenes con el objetivo del software, así como su uso en la docencia. Resultados: el producto obtenido consta de un texto básico con hipervínculos para acceder a los demás componentes, así como galerías de imágenes y ejercicios de autoevaluación. Según Criterio de Experto la calidad técnica del producto y la calidad del contenido quedaron evaluadas en la categoría Muy Adecuado. Según Criterio de Usuario, la funcionalidad, la motivación individual y los aspectos de diseño fueron evaluados de Bien. Conclusiones: se desarrolló un software educativo que cuenta con recursos variados para el aprendizaje sobre el tema abordado(AU)


Introduction: The use of the educational software is a motivating alternative in different teaching scenarios. Objective: To validate the educational software related to the diagnosis and treatment of pulp and periapical diseases for its generalization in dental students. Material and Methods: A study linked with technological innovation or digital finished product was conducted during the period between March 2018 and March 2019. The tool used was Mediator v9.0. Theoretical methods such as historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, and systemic-structural were used; empirical methods, which included the documentary review and a survey, were applied to students and experts as external evaluators of the product. The methods of Expert Judgment and Customer Judgment were used to evaluate the feasibility of the software. The main variables evaluated were the design of software sections, its functionality, scientific content, relationship between the images and the objective of the software and its use in the teaching-learning process. Results: The product obtained is a basic text with hyperlinks to access the rest of the components, image galleries and self-evaluation exercises. According to Expert Judgment, the technical quality of the software and the quality of its content were evaluated as good. According to Customer Judgment, the functionality, self-motivation and design aspects were evaluated as optimal. Conclusions: An educational software with various resources for learning about the topic approached was developed(AU)


Subject(s)
Periapical Diseases/diagnosis , Periapical Diseases/therapy , Software , Dental Pulp Diseases/diagnosis , Dental Pulp Diseases/therapy , Education, Dental/methods
18.
Int. j. morphol ; 38(3): 634-639, June 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1098299

ABSTRACT

Dental education is in a continuous state of development to adapt to the changing learning strategies of the millennial students. The introduction of electronic learning resources (ELR) is a good example, which has added immense value to the traditional methods of teaching oral histology. The main purpose of the study was to analyze the dental students' perception of learning oral histology the way it was taught. A pre-approved questionnaire survey was electronically distributed to 129 students who had completed the oral histology course. The majority of the students viewed oral histology course to be difficult and irrelevant to their dental career. Similarly, most of them preferred studying alone and used ELR in place of books and atlases. More than three quarters believed using a microscope in practical training sessions will make the oral histology course easier and more interesting. The results of this study will be used to formulate recommendations to be implemented in oral histology course.


La educación dental se encuentra en un estado de desarrollo continuo para adaptarse a las cambiantes estrategias de aprendizaje de los estudiantes milenios. La introducción de recursos de aprendizaje electrónico (RAE) es un buen ejemplo, el cual ha agregado un valor importante a los métodos tradicionales de enseñanza de histología oral. El objetivo principal del estudio fue analizar la percepción de los estudiantes de odontología de aprender histología oral de la forma en que se enseñó. Una encuesta de cuestionario preaprobada se distribuyó electrónicamente a 129 estudiantes que habían completado el curso de histología oral. La mayoría de los estudiantes consideraron que el curso de histología oral era difícil e irrelevante para su carrera dental. Del mismo modo, la mayoría de ellos preferían estudiar solos y usaban RAE en lugar de libros y atlas. Más de las tres cuartas partes creen que usar un microscopio en sesiones de capacitación práctica, permitiría que el curso de histología oral sea más fácil e interesante. Los resultados de este estudio se utilizarán para formular recomendaciones que se implementarán en el curso de histología oral.


Subject(s)
Humans , Students, Dental/psychology , Education, Dental/methods , Mouth/anatomy & histology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Educational Measurement , Histology/education
19.
RFO UPF ; 25(1): 32-41, 20200430. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | BBO, LILACS | ID: biblio-1357719

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: analisar as significâncias político-pedagógicas de vivências experimentadas por estagiários de um curso de Odontologia em um ambiente escolar. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo transversalmente estruturado sob estratégia narrativo-descritiva e moldado à técnica argumentativa. Resultados: o "Estágio de Clínica Integrada em Atenção Primária" foi didaticamente sistematizado em dois períodos: "Pré-intervenção" e "Intervenção". Do primeiro, desvendaram-se duas ações: "Contextualização dos acadêmicos estagiários" e "Estruturação, ambientalização e levantamento de necessidades do ambiente de trabalho". Já o segundo foi guiado pelo instrumento "TPC" (Teorizar-Praticar-Criticar), em que todas as ações programadas seguiram a lógica ativa do planejamento estratégico, ou seja, contextualizadas às realidades do cenário de prática (ambiente escolar). Conclusão: das experimentações vivenciadas, algumas inferências se destacaram: a efetividade do instrumento "TPC" no direcionamento dos acadêmicos estagiários no planejamento estratégico de atividades de educação em saúde; o reconhecimento do ambiente escolar como território fértil para o desenvolvimento de ações promotoras de saúde; a importância de se disseminar, em espaços científicos, os aprendizados advindos de experimentações práticas de estágios.(AU)


Objective: to analyze the political-pedagogical significance of experiences experienced by trainees of a dentistry course in a school environment. Methodology: qualitative study transversely structured under narrative-descriptive strategy and molded to the argumentative technique. Results: the "Internship of Integrated Clinic in Primary Care" was didactically systematized in two periods, "Pre-intervention" and "Intervention". From the first, two actions were unveiled: the "Contextualization of the Interns" and the "Structuring, Environmentalization and Survey of Work Environment Needs". The second was guided by the instrument "TPC" (Theorize- Practice-Criticize), where all programmed actions followed the active logic of strategic planning, contextualized to the realities of the practice scenario (school environment). Conclusion: from the experiments experienced some inferences stood out: the effectiveness of the "CPT" instrument in guiding the trainee academics in the strategic planning of health education activities; the recognition of the school environment as a fertile territory for the development of health promoting actions; the importance of disseminating, in scientific spaces, the learning that comes from practical experimentation of internships.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care/methods , School Dentistry/methods , Health Education, Dental/methods , Problem-Based Learning/methods , Education, Dental/methods , Students, Dental/psychology , Training Support/methods , Brazil , Health Promotion/methods
20.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 19(1): 125-142, ene.-feb. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1099151

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La endocarditis infecciosa es una condición severa que puede presentarse luego de procedimientos odontológicos invasivos, principalmente en pacientes portadores de válvulas cardiacas protésicas y enfermedad cardiaca reumática y congénita. Es importante identificar el nivel de conocimientos de los estudiantes de Odontología para establecer reformas en el plan de estudios de la carrera. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento sobre profilaxis antibiótica de endocarditis infecciosa previa a procedimientos odontológicos en estudiantes de último año de Odontología de Lima. Material y métodos: Estudio analítico y transversal, cuya muestra estuvo constituida por 117 estudiantes del último año de la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), la Universidad Nacional Federico Villareal (UNFV) y la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), de Lima, Perú, durante el año 2014. El instrumento de evaluación fue una encuesta de 20 preguntas cerradas sobre epidemiología y etiopatogenia de endocarditis infecciosa e indicación y farmacología de la profilaxis antibiótica previa a procedimientos odontológicos. Los resultados fueron catalogados en 3 niveles: bajo, regular y alto. Resultados: El 53,84 por ciento de los internos presentó un nivel de conocimiento bajo, mientras el 32,47 por ciento un nivel regular y el 13,69 por ciento un nivel alto. El nivel de respuesta promedio fue 10,1 ± 2,95 [IC95 por ciento(9,57-10,65)]. Por universidad, los internos de la UNMSM tuvieron un nivel de conocimiento promedio de 11 ± 2,60 [IC95 por ciento (9,84-12,15)], los de UNFV tuvieron 8,8 ± 3,36 [IC95 por ciento (7,74 - 9,86)] y los de UPCH tuvieron 10,7 ± 2,41 [IC95 por ciento (10,08-11,39)]; p=0,002. Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimiento sobre profilaxis antibiótica de endocarditis infecciosa en estudiantes de último año de Odontología de Lima es predominantemente bajo(AU)


Introduction: Infective endocarditis is a severe condition that can occur after invasive dental procedures, mainly in patients with prosthetic heart valves and rheumatic and congenital heart disease. It is important to identify the level of knowledge of dental students to establish reforms in the curriculum of the career. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge about antibiotic prophylaxis of infective endocarditis prior to dental procedures in last-year dental students of Lima. Material and methods: Analytical and cross-sectional study whose sample was made up of 117 last-year dental students of the National University of San Marcos (UNMSM), the National University Federico Villareal (UNFV) and the Peruvian University Cayetano Heredia (UPCH) from Lima, Peru, during the year 2014. The evaluation instrument was a survey of 20 closed questions on epidemiology and etiopathogenesis of infective endocarditis and indication and pharmacology of antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental procedures. The results were cataloged in 3 levels: low, regular and high. Results: The results show that 53,84 percent of the interns presented a low level of knowledge, while 32,47 percent had a regular level and 13,69 percent a high level. The average response level was 10,1 ± 2,95 [95 percent CI (9,57-10,65)]. By university, UNMSM interns had an average level of knowledge of 11 ± 2,60 [95 percent CI (9,84-12,15)], UNFV had 8,8 ± 3,36 [95 percent CI (7,74-9,86)] and those of UPCH had 10,7 ± 2,41 [95 percent CI (10,08-11,39)]; p=0.002. Conclusions: The level of knowledge about antibiotic prophylaxis of infective endocarditis in last- year dental students in Lima is predominantly low(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Students, Dental , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice/ethnology , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/methods , Education, Dental/methods , Endocarditis/drug therapy , Peru/epidemiology
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